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Otshe Formation

Otshe Fm


Period: 
Permian

Age Interval: 
Middle Permian (Wordian)


Province: 
SouthAfrica-Namibia-Botswana

Type Locality and Naming

Kalahari Basin (SW). Southwestern Botswana. Like most Karoo units in Botswana, it is entirely concealed by the Cenozoic sands of the Kalahari Desert and was formally named and defined from extensive borehole core logging by the Botswana Geological Survey.

Synonym:


Lithology and Thickness

A thick, heterogeneous succession of medium to coarse-grained feldspathic sandstones, interbedded with siltstones, carbonaceous mudstones, and prominent, economically significant coal seams.


Lithology Pattern: 
Coarse-grained sandstone


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Conformably overlies the dark, fine-grained, marine to prodelta carbonaceous shales of the Kobe Fm (Middle Ecca equivalent).

Upper contact

Overlain (often unconformably due to regional intra-Karoo uplift) by the non-carbonaceous, paludal/fluvial mudstones of the Kule Fm (Beaufort Gr equivalent).

Regional extent

Widespread in the subsurface of the Gemsbok Sub-basin in southwestern Botswana and extending towards the Namibian border. Upper Ecca Gr equivalent. It correlates with the coal-bearing upper Ecca units across southern Africa (such as the Waterford Formation in the Main Karoo Basin, or the Boritse Formation in eastern Botswana).


GeoJSON

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Fossils


Age 

Middle Permian (Wordian)

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Wordian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.0

    Beginning date (Ma): 
269.21

    Ending stage: 
Wordian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
1.0

    Ending date (Ma):  
264.34

Depositional setting

Fluvio-deltaic and marginal paludal (swamp) environments.


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information


Compiler:  

From the O. Catuneanu et al. / Journal of African Earth Sciences 43 (2005) 211–253; Smith, R. A. (1984): The lithostratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup in Botswana. Geological Survey of Botswana; Key, R. M., et al. (1998): Literature regarding the stratigraphy and coal potential of the Karoo Supergroup in Botswana.